It is more complex than the previous washing process and system. So far, the theoretical circle still has only theoretical research on it, but it is difficult to achieve data control for the washing process. This is because the solution system is a heterogeneous dispersion system.

分散介質(zhì)又是含有各式各樣組分的復(fù)雜溶液：體系中涉及的表面和界面，以及污垢的性質(zhì)都極為復(fù)雜。

Dispersion medium is a complex solution containing various components: the surface and interface involved in the system and the properties of dirt are very complex.

超聲波清洗機(jī)所用的清洗劑多為液體洗滌劑，組成模式為：表面活性劑、贅合劑、其他助劑。某物質(zhì)當(dāng)其溶于水即使?jié)舛群苄r(shí)，能顯著降低水同空氣的表面張力，或水同其他物質(zhì)的界面張力，則該物質(zhì)稱為表面活性劑。水溶性表面活性劑的分子結(jié)構(gòu)都具有不對(duì)稱的、極性的特點(diǎn)。分子中同時(shí)具有親水基和親油基，由于這種不對(duì)稱的極性結(jié)構(gòu)，表面活性劑被定向吸附在水溶液同其他相的界面上，這樣大大改變了體系的物理性質(zhì)，特別是各相界面的界面張力。

Most of the cleaning agents used in the ultrasonic cleaning machine are liquid detergents, and the composition mode is surfactant, superfluous agent and other additives. When a substance is dissolved in water, even if the concentration is very small, it can significantly reduce the surface tension between water and air, or the interfacial tension between water and other substances, the substance is called surfactant. The molecular structures of water-soluble surfactants are asymmetric and polar. There are both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in the molecule. Due to this asymmetric polar structure, the surfactant is directionally adsorbed on the interface between the aqueous solution and other phases, which greatly changes the physical properties of the system, especially the interfacial tension of each phase interface.

根據(jù)表面活性劑溶于水時(shí)親水基團(tuán)所表現(xiàn)出來的電性，可把表面活性劑分為陰離子、陽離子、中性及兩性表面活性劑。

According to the electrical properties of hydrophilic groups when surfactants are dissolved in water, surfactants can be divided into anionic, cationic, neutral and amphoteric surfactants.

某些助劑的加入，再起到以下作用：

The addition of some additives plays the following roles:

1、緩沖作用：使洗滌劑的PH值能維持穩(wěn)定。

1. Buffering effect: keep the pH value of detergent stable.

2、對(duì)金屬的抗腐蝕作用。

2. Corrosion resistance to metals.

3、能增加洗滌劑的乳化能力和乳化穩(wěn)定性。

3. It can increase the emulsifying capacity and emulsifying stability of detergent.

4、可使溶液具有很好的懸浮能力和穩(wěn)定懸浮系統(tǒng)的能力，可防止污垢再次沉降。表面活性劑、螫合劑、助劑的選擇原則：(1)組成的洗滌劑具有較強(qiáng)的清洗能力；

4. It can make the solution have good suspension capacity and the ability to stabilize the suspension system, and prevent the re settlement of dirt. The selection principles of surfactants, chelating agents and additives: (1) the detergent composed has strong cleaning ability;

(2)化學(xué)性質(zhì)柔和，不損傷被洗物；

(2) The chemical property is soft and does not damage the washed object;

(3)組分之間不發(fā)生化學(xué)作用而使組分失效；

(3) There is no chemical action between the components to make the components invalid;

(4)具有良好的漂清性。配制洗滌液的使用溫度及濃度應(yīng)由具體實(shí)驗(yàn)確定。

(4) It has good bleaching property. The use temperature and concentration of the prepared washing solution shall be determined by specific experiments.